Thursday, 14 July 2016

clinical pharmacist

The “Clinical Pharmacist”

WHAT IS OUR ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES ?? WHAT ARE WE SUPPOSED TO DO?? HOW DO WE MANAGE A PATIENT, WE HAVE NO PRACTICAL TRAINING !! 
Those of us who step in the field of clinical pharmacy, with the vision of saving lives, doing therapeutic drug monitoring, monitoring patients lab report, preventing an adverse drug reaction, working in poison control centers  etc very soon start realizing that not only doing your duty is difficult but is also impossible!! Questions will be raised as to why are you doing this? On whose authority have you been allowed to do this? Where is it written that you are even allowed to do this??
Well I have a GOOD NEWS!! The answer to all these questions are possible now. Punjab Government has recently issued an official notice to all the teaching hospitals of Punjab on the subject of establishing pharmacy services in hospitals, It emphasizes on the importance and role and need of clinical pharmacist and I quote;
“The role of clinical pharmacist is dire need of the day to provide better patient care”
According to this notice the pharmacy services are defined as;


“Pharmacy Services means services rendered by pharmacist in pharmaceutical care, selection, posology, counselling, dispensing, use, administration, prescription monitoring, pharmacoepidemiology, therapeutic goods information and poison control, pharmacovigillance, pharmacoeconomics, storage, sales, procurement, forecasting, supply chain management drug utilization evaluation,drug utilization review, formulary based drug utilization and managing therapeutic goods at all levels including pharmacy, clinic, medical store, hospital or medical institution.”
The pharmacy services on urgent basis are to be implemented in all the hospitals and the treat isn’t over yet. According to this official order Pharmacy department shall be established in each health institution wherein pharmacy services will be provided to the patients.
Six months paid clinical pharmacy training programs  in the hospitals will be arranged for graduate pharmacist.The number of pharmacists has been increased  in hospital as minimum of one pharmacist for fifty bed for each shift.  
Pharmacy and therapeutic committee shall be established in each hospital and will be made functional. Each and every hospital will have to make a formulary. A separate column on the patients chart will be printed for ward notes by the clinical pharmacist. The clinical pharmacist will be deputed in the wards ,where during the ward round with the professors/ physicians and hospital administration shall be mandatory.
Digital pharmacy services such as computerization of inventory, introducing IT facilities such as drug information system like Micromedex and poison control software and a uniform inventory software will be introduced.
The pharmacy department will act as an independent department of the hospital, Adverse drug reaction  reporting system will be establish and in case of an adverse drug reaction the hospital administration will have to be notified immediately. WHO guidelines of storage and distribution of drugs will have to be strictly followed. A proper storage area will be established with temperature and humidity control facilities.
This my dear friends is a golden opportunity for Us to prove that we are in fact the back bone of patient care and an important pillar of health care system. Our goal should be “FASTER,HIGHER,STRONGER” i.e providing fast, efficient and timely pharmacy services to all the patients, with our involvement the standard of patient care should be higher than before and overall the healthcare system should get stronger and better. One of the most important thing is to bear in mind that we have to work in collaboration with physicians and nurses, by following and adopting the multidisciplinary approach, we are all equal, neither we are superior nor inferior. For ultimate patient benefit we will have to work as a team because after all ;
“PHARMACY IS A LIFE SAVING PROFESSION “

special moment Depression

Special Moment

Nowadays the common issue in our society is depression, being too much fed up of a situation or being unhappy. We assume that our situation will never improve and that the happy sun will never rise. We have to pass the painful time of waiting, not even sure what to expect and in the end we simply give up, we  give up on our hopes, dreams, joys and all the immense opportunities that life has to offers. And then often at times when we least expect it, just like Cinderella’s story in which at the last moment the shoe fits her foot and the story gets a happy ending, thing changes for good and everyone get a happy ending to their situation.

Image result for depression pic

“The world is full of hopeful analogies and handsome, dubious eggs called possibilities”
(George Elliot)
The sun rises and brings with it so many opportunities, if only one could realize and see it. Each and every day has that special moment in it to change the way we think or feel.  Often we don’t realize it, but it may hit us in an instant in which we do our daily chores or it may land in the darkness and quietness of night. But that moment does come, but is felt seldom. That moment has the power in it to change everything around us. For some it comes with new dreams and for others with possibilities on how to achieve them.

Image result for depression pic
But most of us rarely put attention in our everyday life. We have become so  much engage in our daily routine thinking that what we are doing is going to bring a change and not realizing that in fact  our routine has been molded into some sort of a shape and has become something like that of a ritual. We hardly do anything  different.  Each and every day we just miss our moments, our special moments, thinking that it hasn’t arrived today assuming that it might never come and that today is just like yesterday just as yesterday was like that of the day before yesterday.
We do realize that we are in depression but do we really even for a second think about it that why we really are in depression?? Is it even worth it?? What do we really do if we want to achieve something, when we don’t even dream on how to plan it out? We stay unhappy for a single reason that’s bothering us and in that we miss the million things that can make us happy in an instant.
If we could just grab that special moment. These special moments have the power not only to transform dreams into realities but also to make one happy. These special moment is just “ time” , time to sit and ponder and realize that no one can really make us happy or unhappy, no one can really crush our dreams, that it’s up to us, we are in charge of channeling our thoughts.
To see that if Allah can make the sun rise from east, He can also make things better and then leaving everything on Him to patiently and waiting patiently to witness as the magic happens. To have faith that whatever happens, happens for a reason and one day that reason will be apparent and clear and will make perfect sense.
“Pray for what you want, but work for the things you need.”
(Sufi Proverb)
Yes life is going to be difficult, we are going to suffer, but one should always be as much hopeful as that of a person who hears the sound of a train on the platform of a deserted area. Without sufferings hope will never have its full glory, without sadness, no one will ever appreciate happiness and without bad times no one will ever realize importance of good times. If you are going through a tough time be sure that good time is in store for you waiting for you around the corner all you have to do is to look for those special moments in your life that has the power in it to change everything in a blink of an eye and one day you will look back at your life with pride and will say to your self proudly that you did it!!
“Sorrow prepares you for joy. It violently sweeps everything out of your house, so that new joy can find space to enter. It shakes the yellow leaves from the bough of your heart, so that fresh, green leaves can grow in their place. It pulls up the rotten roots, so that new roots hidden beneath have room to grow. Whatever sorrow shakes from your heart, far better things will take their place.  ”                                                
 Rumi

Is Fairness Cream Fair For Your Skin ??


Is Fairness Cream Fair For Your Skin ??


The market of fairness creams in India is flourishing and there is no surprise in it at all when they give you promising messages like “FAIRNESS THAT CHANGES YOUR DESTINY” and icing on the cake those TV ads of young girls worried sick of their dark skin and than they use skin whitening creams, which changes their dark color to white miraculously in just  5 to 7 days. After that, they are either shown as brides or receiving appreciations from opposite gender. Unfortunately these TV ads are now also playing with the psyche of males. They show that in order to achieve success ,to marry your dream girl/boy, to gain attention from your friends or to get a job, all you need is “fair skin”.
I look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.
(Martin Luther King)
This is a serious cause of concern for the human right activists with respect to the overt message of the ad and their false claims that a fair skin color is better than all other colors ranging from medium to dark, generating negative values in society, causing emotional distress and hurting the self esteem of both men and women. Recently a petition named “DARK IS BEAUTY” was filed against a famous film star for unfair proclamation . This also raises many questions on our country’s existing advertisement law and consumer protection law which aims to provide customers with COMPLETE protection.
I do agree the messages are quiet catchy indeed, but is the risk of getting a white skin worth it. What they don’t tell us is about the hidden ingredients in it, their side effects and stories that how people are suffering from continuous use of these products.Long term use of any skin whiteners can cause severe pigmentation in areas where you apply it daily.The skin thins out and the area specially around the eyes can have increased pigmentation leading to bleach panda effect. Skin whitening creams usually contains active ingredients such as steroids,mercury and hydroquinone.
“Unfortunately, many skin-lightening creams contain illegal compounds that can damage your health .The most common compounds are high-dose steroids.” (Indy Rihal of the British Skin Foundation).
Steroids although are useful when used in specific concentrations in  skin diseases such as eczema and psoriasis but when used for skin lightening purpose they can cause many side effects such as;
  • permanent skin bleaching
  • thinning of skin that causes exposed cappilleries and stretch marks
  • uneven colour loss, leading to a blotchy appearance
  • redness of skin
  • intense irritation
  • photo sensitivity reactions
  • high blood sugar ( yes!! due to steroids)
  • increased facial hair growth
Another chemical which is found abundantly specially in local/ household manufactured skin lightening creams, soaps and mascaras  is Mercury. Mercury inhibits the formation of melanin thus lightening the skin but, it is extremely poisonous. World health organization in its report on Mercury in skin lightening products reported that





“Mercury in cosmetics exists in two forms: inorganic and organic. Inorganic mercury (e.g. ammoniated mercury) is used in skin lightening soaps and creams. Organic mercury compounds  (thiomersal [ethyl mercury] and phenyl mercuric salts) are used as cosmetic preservatives in eye makeup cleansing products and mascara”
The type (most hazardous is the organic form ) and concentration of mercury being used is so high that it can directly absorb from skin into blood stream and cause severe side effects The main adverse effect of the inorganic mercury contained in skin lightening soaps and creams is kidney damage.Mercury in skin lightening products may also cause skin rashes, skin discoloration and scarring, as well as a reduction in the skin’s resistance to bacterial and fungalinfections.Other effects include anxiety,shyness, depression or psychosis and peripheral neuropathy.
“Exposure to mercury can have serious health consequences, It can damage the kidneys and the nervous system, and interfere with the development of the brain in unborn children and very young children.” ( Charles Lee, M.D., a senior medical advisor at FDA)
The distribution and sale of mercury containing cosmetics is banned in many European countries and FDA allows mercury compounds in cosmetics used around eye area at concentrations at or below 65 mg/kg expressed as mercury (approximately 100 mg/kg expressed as phenyl-mercuric acetate or nitrate).All other cosmetics must contain mercury at a concentration less than 1 mg/kg. There is a need to raise public awareness regarding this matter. Health authorities have to play their role in changing the status of fairness creams from OTC products to strictly prescription only skin products so that its sale and usage can be monitored.
So all of you skin color, clarity and complexion conscious people out there first of all  ” YOU ARE ALL BEAUTIFUL!! “ . Second before buying any product please read the ingredients and if it claims to contain “steroid” “mercurous chloride,” “calomel,” “mercuric,” “mercurio,” or “mercury,” do not buy it and if you are using it than stop using them immediately. If there is no label or no ingredients are listed or is in a foreign language that you can not understand do not buy it. Because you are “WORTH IT” and you deserve to know that what is the magic behind the cosmetic products. So next time before you buy any fairness creams ask you self this question
“Is the manufacturer of this fairness cream really fair ?? and is the risk of getting a lighter skin tone worth it? “

Medicines Regulatory Authorities and their Websites

List of Globally identified Websites of Medicines Regulatory Authorities ∗ (as of November, 2009)

AFRO ‐ Regional Office for Africa

1. Algeria: http://www.ands.dz/pharmacie‐med/sommaire.htm pharmacovigilance: http://www.cnpm.org.dz/

2. Angola: no website identified

3. Benin: no website identified

4. Botswana: http://www.moh.gov.bw/ ‐ MoH ‐ no MRA

5. Burkina Faso: http://www.sante.gov.bf/SiteSante/ministere/sc/dgpml.html

6. Burundi: website does not exist ‐ only MoH

7. Cameroon: no website identified

8. Cape Verde: no website identified

9. Central African Rep: no website identified

10. Chad: website does not exist

11. Comoros, The: no website identified

12. Congo, The: no website identified

13. Cote dʹIvoire: no website identified

14. Democratic Republic of Congo: website does not exist

15. Equatorial Guinea: no website identified

16. Eritrea: website does not exist

17. Ethiopia: http://www.daca.gov.et/

18. Gabon: website does not exist

19. Gambia: no website identified

20. Ghana: http://www.fdbghana.gov.gh/

21. Guinea: no website identified

22. Guinea‐Bissau: no website identified

23. Kenya: http://www.pharmacyboardkenya.org/

24. Lesotho: no website identified

25. Liberia: no website identified

26. Madagascar: no website identified

27. Malawi: no website identified

28. Mali: http://www.dirpharma.org/

29. Mauritania: no website identified

30. Mauritius: http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/mih MIH ‐ no MRA

This list is indicative. WHO/EMP will be thankful for any correction and addition.

31. Mozambique: website does not exist

32. Namibia: http://www.nmrc.com.na/

33. Niger: no website identified

34. Nigeria: http://www.nafdacnigeria.org/

35. Rwanda: http://www.moh.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6 2&catid=56:ministry‐taskforces&Itemid=1

36. Sao Tome & Principe: no website identified

37. Senegal: http://www.sante.gouv.sn/ click ‐les directions‐ and then ‐La Direction de la Pharmacie et des Laboratoires (DPL)‐

38. Seychelles: no website identified

39. Sierra Leone: website does not exist

40. South Africa: http://www.mccza.com/

41. Swaziland: MRA is being established http://www.gov.sz/home.asp?pid=99

42. Togo: no website identified

43. Uganda: http://www.nda.or.ug/

44. United Republic of Tanzania: http://www.tfda.or.tz/

45. Zambia: no website identified

46. Zimbabwe: http://www.mcaz.co.zw/

AMRO ‐ Regional Office for the Americas

1. Antigua and Barbuda: no website identified

2. Argentina: http://www.anmat.gov.ar/

3. Bahamas: http://www.phabahamas.org/hospitals_overview_bnda.php

4. Barbados: no website identified

5. Belize: no website identified

6. Bolivia: http://www.sns.gov.bo/snis/enlaces_salud/dinamed/index.htm

7. Brazil: http://www.anvisa.gov.br/eng/index.htm

8. Canada: http://www.hc‐sc.gc.ca/dhp‐mps/index‐eng.php

9. Chile: http://www.ispch.cl/

10. Colombia: www.invima.gov.co/

11. Costa Rica: http://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/ MoH department with information on site

12. Cuba: http://www.cecmed.sld.cu/

13. Dominica: no website identified

14. Dominican Republic: http://www.drogasyfarmacias.gov.do/

15. Ecuador: no website identified

16. El Salvador: no website identified

17. Grenada: no website identified

18. Guatemala: http://portal.mspas.gob.gt/regulacion_y_control_de_productos_farmaceuticos
_y_afines.html MoH department with information on site

19. Guyana: MoH department http://www.health.gov.gy/prg_adm_food_drugs.php

20. Haiti: website does not exist

21. Honduras: http://www.dgrs.gob.hn/

22. Jamaica: http://www.pcoj.org/ pharmacies and pharmacists, not medicines

23. Mexico: http://www.cofepris.gob.mx/

24. Nicaragua: no website identified

25. Panama: http://www.minsa.gob.pa/ MoH department with information on site

26. Paraguay: http://www.mspbs.gov.py/programas/index.php?id=6

27. Peru: http://www.digemid.minsa.gob.pe/

28. Saint Kitts and Nevis: no website identified

29. Saint Lucia: no website identified

30. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: no website identified

31. Suriname: no website identified

32. Trinidad and Tobago: http://www.health.gov.tt/sitepages/default.aspx?id=93

33. United States of America: http://www.fda.gov
/
34. Uruguay: http://www.msp.gub.uy/subcategorias_8_1.html

35. Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of): http://www.inhrr.gov.ve/

EMRO ‐ Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean

1. Afghanistan: website does not exist ‐ only MoH

2. Bahrain: no website identified

3. Djibouti: no website identified

4. Egypt: http://www.eda.mohp.gov.eg/

5. Iran (Islamic Republic of): no website identified

6. Iraq: no website identified

7. Jordan: http://www.jfda.jo/en/default/

8. Kuwait: no website identified

9. Lebanon: http://cms1.omsar.gov.lb/en/Drugs/DrugsListWithLinks.htm

10. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: no website identified

11. Morocco: http://srvweb.sante.gov.ma/Medicaments/Pages/default.aspx

12. Oman: http://www.moh.gov.om/nv_menu.php?fNm=pharma/regulation.htm

13. Pakistan: http://www.dcomoh.gov.pk/

14. Qatar: http://www.nha.org.qa/moh/ under construction

15. Saudi Arabia: http://www.sfda.gov.sa/En/Home/default.htm

16. Somalia: no website identified

17. Sudan: http://www.nmpb.gov.sd/

18. Syrian Arab Republic: no website identified

19. Tunisia: http://www.dpm.tn/

20. United Arab Emirates: http://www.moh.gov.ae/en/Page_431.aspx

21. Yemen: http://www.sbd‐ye.org/

EURO ‐ Regional Office for Europe

1. Albania: http://www.qkkb.gov.al/

2. Andorra: http://www.salutibenestar.ad/ MoH department with information on site

3. Armenia: http://www.pharm.am/index.php?langid=2

4. Austria: http://www.ages.at/ages/ueber‐uns/english‐what‐is‐ages/

5. Azerbaijan: http://www.pharm.az/ under construction

6. Belarus: http://www.rceth.by/

7. Belgium: http://www.fagg‐afmps.be/

8. Bosnia and Herzegovina: http://www.alims.gov.ba/

9. Bulgaria: http://www.bda.bg/

10. Croatia: http://www.almp.hr/?ln=en&w=o_agenciji

11. Cyprus: http://www.moh.gov.cy/moh/phs/phs.nsf/dmlindex_en/dmlindex_en?open document

12. Czech Republic http://www.sukl.cz/

13. Denmark: http://www.dkma.dk/

14. EMEA: http://www.emea.europa.eu/ (also: DG Enterprise)

15. Estonia: http://www.sam.ee/

16. Finland: http://www.nam.fi/

17. France: http://www.afssaps.fr/

18. Georgia: http://gdna.georgia.gov/02/gdna/home/0,2803,132319894,00.html

19. Germany: http://www.bfarm.de/gb_ver/ and: http://www.zlg.nrw.de/ and http://www.pei.de/EN/home/node‐en.html?__nnn=true

20. Greece: http://www.eof.gr/web/guest/home

21. Hungary: http://www.ogyi.hu/main_page/

22. Iceland: http://www.imca.is/

23. Ireland: http://www.imb.ie/

24. Israel: http://www.health.gov.il/ MoH department with information on site

25. Italy: http://www.aifa.gov.it/ and http://www.agenziafarmaco.it/section8983.html

26. Kazakhstan: http://www.dari.kz/?lang=rus

27. Kyrgyzstan: http://pharm.med.kg/

28. Latvia: http://www.vza.gov.lv/index.php?setlang=en&large

29. Lithuania: http://www.vvkt.lt/index.php?3327723903

30. Luxembourg: http://www.ms.public.lu/fr/activites/pharmaciemedicament/ index.html MoH department with information on site

31. Malta: http://www.medicinesauthority.gov.mt/

32. Monaco: no website identified

33. Montenegro: http://sntcg.com/ulms/

34. Netherlands: http://www.cbg‐meb.nl/

35. Norway: http://www.legemiddelverket.no/templates/InterPage____16645.aspx?filterBy =CopyToGeneral

36. Poland: http://www.bip.urpl.gov.pl/

37. Portugal: http://www.infarmed.pt/

38. Republic of Moldova: http://www.amed.md/index_eng.html

39. Romania:http://www.anm.ro/en/home.html

40. Russian Federation: http://www.roszdravnadzor.ru/

41. San Marino: no website identified

42. Serbia: http://www.alims.gov.rs/

43. Slovakia: http://www.sukl.sk/en

44. Slovenia: http://www.jazmp.si/index.php?id=56

45. Spain: http://www.agemed.es/en/actividad/sgInspeccion/home.htm

46. Sweden: http://www.lakemedelsverket.se/english/

47. Switzerland: http://www.swissmedic.ch/index.html?lang=en

48. Tajikistan: under construction http://health.tj/en/index.php option=com_content&task=view&id=6&Itemid=

49. The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia: no website identified

50. Turkey: http://www.iegm.gov.tr/

51. Turkmenistan: no website identified

52. Ukraine: http://www.pharma‐center.kiev.ua/view/en/index

53. United Kingdom: http://www.mhra.gov.uk/index.htm

54. Uzbekistan: no website identified


SEARO ‐ Regional Office for South‐East Asia

1. Bangladesh: http://www.ddabd.org/

2. Bhutan: http://www.health.gov.bt/dra.php

3. DPR Korea: no website identified

4. Democratic Republic of Timor Leste: website does not exist

5. India: http://cdsco.nic.in/

6. Indonesia: http://www.pom.go.id/e_default.asp

7. Maldives: http://www.mfda.gov.mv/web/

8. Myanmar: no website identified

9. Nepal: http://www.dda.gov.np/req_modern_medicine.php

10. Sri Lanka: http://203.94.76.60/DRA/home.htm

11. Thailand: http://www.fda.moph.go.th/eng/index.stm

WPRO ‐ Regional Office for the Western Pacific

1. Australia: http://www.tga.gov.au/

2. Brunei Darussalam: http://www.moh.gov.bn/pharmacyservices/drugregistration.htm

3. Cambodia: no website ‐ only MoH

4. China: http://www.sfda.gov.cn/

a. China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region: http://www.psdh.gov.hk/eps/index.jsp

b. China, Province of Taiwan: http://www.nlfd.gov.tw/en/index.aspx

5. Cook Islands: no website identified

6. Fiji: http://www.health.gov.fj/FPS/insRA.html

7. Japan: http://www.pmda.go.jp/english/index.html

8. Kiribati: no website identified

9. Laoʹs Peopleʹs Democratic Republic: no website identified

10. Malaysia: http://www.bpfk.gov.my/ http://www.pharmacy.gov.my/index.cfm

11. Marshall Islands: no website identified

12. Micronesia, Federated States of: no website identified

13. Mongolia: http://www.moh.mn/ MoH, http://www.ssia.gov.mn/ state specialized inspection agency, http://www.doh.gov.mn/ Department of Health

14. Nauru: no website identified

15. New Zealand: http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/

16. Niue: no website identified

17. Palau: no website identified

18. Papua New Guinea: website does not exist

19. Philippines: http://www.bfad.gov.ph

20. Republic of Korea: http://ezdrug.kfda.go.kr/

21. Samoa: no website identified

22. Singapore: http://www.hsa.gov.sg/publish/hsaportal/en/home.html

23. Solomon Islands: no website identified

24. Tonga: no website identified

25. Tuvalu: no website identified

26. Vanuatu: no website identified

27. Vietnam: http://www.dav.gov.vn/

Methodology of identifying websites

The MRA websites were identified through the following means:

- the list of 53 websites available from the WHO study of 2001;  available lists of MRAʹs in Europe
(http://www.emea.europa.eu/Inspections/Links.html), Africa

(http://www.remed.org/html/direction_de_la_pharmacie_et_d.html) and the Americas (http://www.portaleami.org/directAutorid/home.htm);

- an Internet search on (country name) plus DRA / drug authority / autoridadde medicamentos / autorité des medicaments, ministry of health / ministère de santé / ministerio de salud / saude;

- contacting the National Programme Officers (NPOʹs) and WHO Regional Offices of the Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies department (EMP).  

Links that were not working and websites that only mentioned the name of a MRA were not listed as MRA websites (links in black).

The existence or nonexistence of websites could not be confirmed for some countries. No website identified means that through the above search methodology, no website was found. Website does not exist means that National Programme Officers have confirmed that there is no website.

Acronyms:

MoH = Ministry of Health
MRA = Medicines Regulatory Authority