Humiliation can be tough on your waistline. When you’re feeling ashamed, you’re more likely to overeat, according to research in the journal Appetite. Food can make you feel better about yourself, helping you overcome threatened social status, says study author Dr Wen-Bin Chiou. If you fail at something, recall a success. You’ll feel better and be less inclined to use food as a coping mechanism
Friday, 31 January 2014
Every year, about 1·1 million neonates die from com plications of preterm birth as estimated in 2010.1 Preterm birth is now worldwide the second most common cause ofdeath in children younger than 5 years after pneumonia, and is decreasing at a much slower rate than pneumonia, even increasing in several countries. Additionally, preterm birth is the leading risk factor for 393000 deaths due to neonatal infections and contributes to longterm growth impairment and substantial longterm morbidity such as cognitive, visual, and learning impairments.
The frstever national estimates of preterm birth (defned as <37 completed weeks of gestation) were recently published in The Lancet,4 undertaken with the
WHO, and included a country clearance process in which all UN member states countries were invited to review their estimates and provide feedback. These esti mates showed a total of 15 million babies born preterm in 2010, 5% of which were under 28 weeks’ gestation.Time trends for 65 countries from the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Developed region, Latin America, and the Caribbean region, where more reliable data were available, showed that almost all these countries have had increased rates of preterm birth over the past two decades.
The frstever national estimates of preterm birth (defned as <37 completed weeks of gestation) were recently published in The Lancet,4 undertaken with the
WHO, and included a country clearance process in which all UN member states countries were invited to review their estimates and provide feedback. These esti mates showed a total of 15 million babies born preterm in 2010, 5% of which were under 28 weeks’ gestation.Time trends for 65 countries from the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Developed region, Latin America, and the Caribbean region, where more reliable data were available, showed that almost all these countries have had increased rates of preterm birth over the past two decades.
Thursday, 30 January 2014
The Indian pharma industry has gained significant global presence in the last few years and has been competing with other major countries on equal terms. Its remarkable growth can be attributed to its ability to rapidly access and adopt new technologies and also to its success in evolving an effective mechanism to strengthen research and development.
The industry's advanced manufacturing facilities have earned laurels from global regulatory authorities. As a result, the world today turns to the Indian pharma industry not only for high-quality and low-cost generic drugs, but also for in-licensing and out -licensing of drugs. The robust Indian pharma industry today produces a range of formulations, has the expertise for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and sees significant opportunities for value-creation. Hence, the theme of the 63rd edition of IPC, ‘Pharma Vision 2020: India: The Pharma Power house’, encapsulates the present stature of the Indian pharma industry.
India, the pharma power house
India ranks third in terms of manufacturing pharma products by volume and 14th in value terms globally. The Indian industry produces around 20 to 24 per cent of the global generic drugs.
The significant changes in the global pharma market offer immense opportunity for Indian pharma industry. Patents around $13 billion in the U.S. revenue of blockbuster drugs expired in 2007 and patents worth $ 60 billion will expire by 2012. As a result, the newly available market will be filled by generics worth $73 billion , says SM Mudda, chairman, scientific services, Local Organizing Committee and Executive Director- Technical & Operations, Micro Labs Ltd, some
India is capable of capturing this opportunity and can become a global base for outsourcing of pharmaceuticals since it has advantages over other countries of the world. The estimated turnover of the Indian pharmaceutical industry is Rs. 84,000 crore or US$ 21 billion with an annual growth rate of 13 per cent, he added.
The country is a leading global provider already with an export turnover of over Rs. 40,000 crore or US$ 10 billion to 200 countries. There is a strong manufacturing infrastructure with approximately 161 USFDA, 90 MHRA and 1,000 WHO GMP approved world-class manufacturing facilities in India.
Almost 25 per cent of global Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) filings are from India. There is also an abundance of scientific manpower. The country is an excellent centre for clinical trials in view of the diversity in population.
With a stable economy and 10 to 13 per cent growth rate of the industry compared to four to five per cent in the developed countries, India can become a pharma power house and can look forward to be a global destination for manufacturing, R&D and clinical studies of generic formulations as well as new molecules pharmaceuticals, said Mudda.
According to Suresh Khanna, Honorary Joint Secretary, Local Organizing Committee of 63rd IPC and chairman, Stabicon Lifesciences Pvt Ltd, with a number of drugs going off patent, India sees a big opportunity to encash this. Also competitive costs of manufacture of quality products and known efficiency in supply chain, places India in a very favourable situation. Even clinical research organizations (CROs) are expected to see increased business in the coming years.
Indian pharma sector has grown big in the area of generic products locally as well in the international level. To graduate to the next level, domestic companies need to invest in R&D to innovate medicines to meet unmet needs of patients said Dr Premnath Shenoy, Hon. Secretary, Karnataka Drugs & Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (KDPMA).
For this Government should come out with an industry friendly long- term policy for the sector which could include incentives for investment in R&D, liberalization of pricing of pharmaceuticals and so on, he added.
According to SG. Biligiri, President, Karnataka Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Manufacturers Association and Associate Secretary, 63rd IPC, for India to become a pharma power house, it will need to emphasize on biosimilar development and marketing since that is the future. The country will also need to look for collaborative R & D efforts and give a fillip to the open source drug discovery model.
The growing pharma sector & govt support
Though the government recognized the remarkable growth of this industry and are taking certain initiatives to support the modernization of the industry, regulatory mechanism, training and education, a lot more needs to be done to encourage the domestic industry in terms of making it competitive compared to Chinese API industry, said Mudda.
The regulatory standards have to be raised on par with the developed countries and all possible assistance has to be given to small-scale industry to encourage compliance with the Good Manufacturing Practices. Although some of the larger companies have taken some steps towards drug innovation, the industry as a whole has been following the business model of using their expertise in reverse-engineering new processes for manufacturing drugs at low costs until recently. The government needs to support the R&D initiative in a big way for encouraging development of new molecules and innovative delivery systems, averred Mudda.
The Pharmexcil , sponsored by the Ministry of Commerce is doing excellent work by organizing buyer- seller meets, participating in trade fairs, delegation visits to potential countries, imparting Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) knowledge and even giving subsidies for product registration, overseas visits and for participation in industry fairs. The Government also supports the industry by providing necessary documentation for product registration and subsequent exports.
However, the government could consider giving incentives to make manufacturing activities efficient like formation of pharma specific clusters, thereby ensuring world class infrastructure particularly uninterrupted supply of power. It can also help by expediting the process of import and export and to set systems to speedily issue documents required for exports like Product Permissions, Certificate of Pharmaceutical Products CoPP/ Foreign Sales Corporation (FSC), no objection certificates (NOCs) for imports, opined Khanna.
According to Dr. Shenoy, if the government takes immediate steps in the above areas, the industry would be immensly benefited and would grow at a much higher pace.
“Despite the tax holidays and investor meets organized by the Union government, it needs to focus on setting up more infrastructure and create an eco-system as well as initiatives such as pharma parks,”
The industry's advanced manufacturing facilities have earned laurels from global regulatory authorities. As a result, the world today turns to the Indian pharma industry not only for high-quality and low-cost generic drugs, but also for in-licensing and out -licensing of drugs. The robust Indian pharma industry today produces a range of formulations, has the expertise for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and sees significant opportunities for value-creation. Hence, the theme of the 63rd edition of IPC, ‘Pharma Vision 2020: India: The Pharma Power house’, encapsulates the present stature of the Indian pharma industry.
India, the pharma power house
India ranks third in terms of manufacturing pharma products by volume and 14th in value terms globally. The Indian industry produces around 20 to 24 per cent of the global generic drugs.
The significant changes in the global pharma market offer immense opportunity for Indian pharma industry. Patents around $13 billion in the U.S. revenue of blockbuster drugs expired in 2007 and patents worth $ 60 billion will expire by 2012. As a result, the newly available market will be filled by generics worth $73 billion , says SM Mudda, chairman, scientific services, Local Organizing Committee and Executive Director- Technical & Operations, Micro Labs Ltd, some
India is capable of capturing this opportunity and can become a global base for outsourcing of pharmaceuticals since it has advantages over other countries of the world. The estimated turnover of the Indian pharmaceutical industry is Rs. 84,000 crore or US$ 21 billion with an annual growth rate of 13 per cent, he added.
The country is a leading global provider already with an export turnover of over Rs. 40,000 crore or US$ 10 billion to 200 countries. There is a strong manufacturing infrastructure with approximately 161 USFDA, 90 MHRA and 1,000 WHO GMP approved world-class manufacturing facilities in India.
Almost 25 per cent of global Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) filings are from India. There is also an abundance of scientific manpower. The country is an excellent centre for clinical trials in view of the diversity in population.
With a stable economy and 10 to 13 per cent growth rate of the industry compared to four to five per cent in the developed countries, India can become a pharma power house and can look forward to be a global destination for manufacturing, R&D and clinical studies of generic formulations as well as new molecules pharmaceuticals, said Mudda.
According to Suresh Khanna, Honorary Joint Secretary, Local Organizing Committee of 63rd IPC and chairman, Stabicon Lifesciences Pvt Ltd, with a number of drugs going off patent, India sees a big opportunity to encash this. Also competitive costs of manufacture of quality products and known efficiency in supply chain, places India in a very favourable situation. Even clinical research organizations (CROs) are expected to see increased business in the coming years.
Indian pharma sector has grown big in the area of generic products locally as well in the international level. To graduate to the next level, domestic companies need to invest in R&D to innovate medicines to meet unmet needs of patients said Dr Premnath Shenoy, Hon. Secretary, Karnataka Drugs & Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (KDPMA).
For this Government should come out with an industry friendly long- term policy for the sector which could include incentives for investment in R&D, liberalization of pricing of pharmaceuticals and so on, he added.
According to SG. Biligiri, President, Karnataka Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Manufacturers Association and Associate Secretary, 63rd IPC, for India to become a pharma power house, it will need to emphasize on biosimilar development and marketing since that is the future. The country will also need to look for collaborative R & D efforts and give a fillip to the open source drug discovery model.
The growing pharma sector & govt support
Though the government recognized the remarkable growth of this industry and are taking certain initiatives to support the modernization of the industry, regulatory mechanism, training and education, a lot more needs to be done to encourage the domestic industry in terms of making it competitive compared to Chinese API industry, said Mudda.
The regulatory standards have to be raised on par with the developed countries and all possible assistance has to be given to small-scale industry to encourage compliance with the Good Manufacturing Practices. Although some of the larger companies have taken some steps towards drug innovation, the industry as a whole has been following the business model of using their expertise in reverse-engineering new processes for manufacturing drugs at low costs until recently. The government needs to support the R&D initiative in a big way for encouraging development of new molecules and innovative delivery systems, averred Mudda.
The Pharmexcil , sponsored by the Ministry of Commerce is doing excellent work by organizing buyer- seller meets, participating in trade fairs, delegation visits to potential countries, imparting Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) knowledge and even giving subsidies for product registration, overseas visits and for participation in industry fairs. The Government also supports the industry by providing necessary documentation for product registration and subsequent exports.
However, the government could consider giving incentives to make manufacturing activities efficient like formation of pharma specific clusters, thereby ensuring world class infrastructure particularly uninterrupted supply of power. It can also help by expediting the process of import and export and to set systems to speedily issue documents required for exports like Product Permissions, Certificate of Pharmaceutical Products CoPP/ Foreign Sales Corporation (FSC), no objection certificates (NOCs) for imports, opined Khanna.
According to Dr. Shenoy, if the government takes immediate steps in the above areas, the industry would be immensly benefited and would grow at a much higher pace.
“Despite the tax holidays and investor meets organized by the Union government, it needs to focus on setting up more infrastructure and create an eco-system as well as initiatives such as pharma parks,”
The term chemotherapy, which literally means chemical therapy or chemical treatment, was coined in 1913 by Paul Ehrlich, the father of modern chemotherapy. He defined chemotherapyas the use of chemicals (drugs) to injure or destroy infections micro-organisms without causing any injury to the host.
Antipyretic is a drug which is responsible for lowering the temperature of feverish body. The central nervous system, especially the hypothalamus, plays an important role in maintaining the balance between the heat production and heat loss in order to regulate the body temperature. Hypothalamus is, thus,known as the thermostat of the body.
The antipyretic drug helps to reset the thermostat at normal temperature. Heat production is not inhibited but heat loss is increased by increased peripheral blood flow which increases the rate of perspiration. This causes body to lose heat and subsequentlylowers the body temperature.
Antipyretic is a drug which is responsible for lowering the temperature of feverish body. The central nervous system, especially the hypothalamus, plays an important role in maintaining the balance between the heat production and heat loss in order to regulate the body temperature. Hypothalamus is, thus,known as the thermostat of the body.
The antipyretic drug helps to reset the thermostat at normal temperature. Heat production is not inhibited but heat loss is increased by increased peripheral blood flow which increases the rate of perspiration. This causes body to lose heat and subsequentlylowers the body temperature.
• 35% of women under the age of 20 become pregnant at least once; this amounts to about 850,000 pregnancies each year.
• 78% are unintended.
• 20% of teenage girls who become sexually active become pregnant within the first month and 50% become pregnant after six months.
• The United States has the highest rates of teen pregnancy and birth of the industrialized world.
• The teen birthrate has declined by 31% for 15- to 19-year-olds between the years of 1991 and 2002.
• 78% are unintended.
• 20% of teenage girls who become sexually active become pregnant within the first month and 50% become pregnant after six months.
• The United States has the highest rates of teen pregnancy and birth of the industrialized world.
• The teen birthrate has declined by 31% for 15- to 19-year-olds between the years of 1991 and 2002.
Everyone is exposed to radiation every day. People are continuously exposed to low-level radiation found in food, soils, building materials, and the air and from outer space. All of this radiation originates from naturally occurring sources. For example, bananas contain naturally occurring radioactive potassium-40 and air contains radon, a radio- active gas. Your average natural background radiation dose* is about 3.0 mSv (300 mrem) each year (millisieverts and millirem are units of radiation dose, much like a gram or an ounce is a unit of weight).
Wednesday, 29 January 2014
India is currently recognised as a high-quality, low-cost skilled producer of pharmaceuticals. It is seen not only as a manufacturing base for APIs and formulations, but also as an emerging hub for biotechnology, bioinformatics, contract research, clinical data management and clinical trials. The country’s pharmaceutical industry, as evidenced in the paragraphs which follow, has shown tremendous progress in terms of infrastructure development, technology base creation and a wide range of production. India exports full basket of pharmaceutical products comprising intermediates, APIs, Finished Dosage Combinations (FDCs), biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, clinical services, etc., to various parts of the world. The country has achieved the distinction of providing healthcare at very low cost while maintaining profitability. At present, India is among the top 20 pharmaceutical exporters world-wide and with the largest number of US FDA inspected plants (119 plants), outside the USA. Various other agencies like MHRA UK, MCA South Africa, TGA Australia , HPB Canada have approved scores of plants in India .
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