Doctor of Pharmacy

Pharm.D (Doctor of Pharmacy)

Pharm.D., Doctor of Pharmacy, Syllabus, Eligibility, Duration, Degree Course, Jobs

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Pharm.D.
Doctor of Pharmacy
Duration: 6 Years
Level: Doctorate
Type: Degree
Eligibility:10+2

Pharm.D. is a Professional Pharmacy Doctoral Programme. 'Pharm.D.' is a Latin term which stands for 'Pharmaciae Doctor' which means 'Doctor of Pharmacy'. Pharmacy is the art and science of preparing and dispensing drugs and medicines. The course is also known as Pharma.D., which many of the medical institutesprefer to term it as such. Pharm.D. is a registrable qualification under the Pharmacy Act 1948. Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) is the regulatory body of Pharmacy education in India. Pharmacy Council of India introduced the 6 years Pharm.D. course in India from the academic year 2008. Pharm.D. enables one to practice the profession of a Pharmacist under the Pharmacy Act, 1948. Doctor of Pharmacy Programs is focused on class room theory, penetrative laboratory experiments and motivated research projects. Only PCI approved Colleges can offer Pharm.D. course. There are only a limited number of Pharmacy Schools which provide Doctor of Pharmacy degree.

Pharm.D is started in 2008 with only a few colleges for the first batch. But over years the colleges offering this course have increased to a good number. By the time the First Regular(6 yrs) batch was graduated in 2014 the total number of colleges were approximately, which were ready to take in the admissions for first year. By seeing the present trend it is expected to rise even more in the coming future.

Number of students showing interest towards the clinical pharmacy profession has are been significantly growing. Since PCI gives approval to run this course only for its Approved institutions already running B.pharm with passed out batches, Quality could be maintained up to a certain extent.

While the number of colleges have been gradually increased year after year in south india, there are not many approvals for Pharm.D in north india, with only a couple of colleges in Punjab and U.P, students from this region are migrating to south india to pursue this course.

There are 2 types of Pharm.D.

Regulations for the both Courses as per PCI 2008-

1. Pharm.D. - The duration of the course shall be 6 academic years (5 years of study and 1 year of internship or residency) full time with each academic year spread over a period of not less than two hundred working days.

The period of 6 years duration is divided into two phases –

Phase I – consisting of First, Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth academic year.

Phase II – consisting of internship or residency training during sixth year involving posting in speciality units. It is a phase of training wherein a student is exposed to actual pharmacy practice or clinical pharmacy services and acquires skill under supervision so that he or she may become capable of functioning independently.

2. Pharm.D. (Post Baccalaureate) - The duration of the course shall be for 3 academic years (2 years of study and 1 year internship or residency) full time with each academic year spread over a period of not less than two hundred working days.

The period of 3 years duration is divided into two phases –

Phase I – consisting of First and Second academic year.

Phase II – consisting of Internship or residency training during third year involving posting in speciality units. It is a phase of training wherein a student is exposed to actual pharmacy practice or clinical pharmacy services, and acquires skill under supervision so that he or she may become capable of functioning independently.

The number of admissions for the Pharm.D. program are prescribed by the Pharmacy Council of India from time to time and is restricted to 30 students intake for Pharm.D. & 10 students for Pharm.D. (PB) per academic year as per 2008 regulations.

Pharm.D. Eligibility:

For Pharm.D. (6 year course):

A pass in any of the following examinations -

• 10+2 examination with Physics and Chemistry as compulsory subjects along with one of the following subjects: Mathematics or Biology.
• A pass in D.Pharm. course from an institution approved by the Pharmacy Council of India under section 12 of the Pharmacy Act.
• Any other qualification approved by the Pharmacy Council of India as equivalent to any of the above examinations.
• Provided that a student should complete the age of 17 years on or before 31st December of the year of admission to the course.
• Provided that there shall be reservation of seats for the students belonging to the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other Backward Classes in accordance with the instructions issued by the Central Government/State Government/Union Territory Administration as the case may be from time to time.

For Pharm.D. (Post Baccalaureate):

• A pass in B.Pharm. from an institution approved by the Pharmacy Council of India under section 12 of the Pharmacy Act.
• Provided that there shall be reservation of seats for the students belonging to the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other Backward Classes in accordance with the instructions issued by the Central Government/State Government/Union Territory Administration as the case may be from time to time.

Doctor of Pharmacy Subjects:

The following subjects are of Pharm.D. (6 year course). Pharm.D. (Post Baccalaureate) subjects may vary from the former.

1. Pharmaceutics
2. Medicinal Biochemistry
3. Pharmaceutical Microbiology
4. Pharmacognosy & Phytopharmaceuticals
5. Pharmaceutical Analysis
6. Clinical Research

YEAR I
S. No	SUBJECTS OF STUDY
1.1	Human Anatomy and Physiology
1.2	Pharmaceutics
1.3	Medicinal Biochemistry
1.4	Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry
1.5	Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry
1.6	Remedial Mathematics/ Biology
YEAR II
2.1	Pathophysiology
2.2	Pharmaceutical Microbiology
2.3	Pharmacognosy & Phytopharmaceuticals
2.4	Pharmacology I
2.5	Community Pharmacy
2.6	Pharmacotherapeutics-I
YEAR III
3.1	Pharmacology II
3.2	Pharmaceutical Analysis
3.3	Pharmacotherapeutics II
3.4	Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence
3.5	Medicinal Chemistry
3.6	Pharmaceutical Formulations
YEAR IV
4.1	Pharmacotherapeutics III
4.2	Hospital Pharmacy
4.3	Clinical Pharmacy
4.4	Biostatistics & Research Methodology
4.5	Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics
4.6	Clinical Toxicology
YEAR V
5.1	Clinical Research
5.2	Pharmacoepidemiology & Pharmacoeconomics
5.3	Clinical Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacotherapeutic Drug Monitoring
5.4	Clerkship
5.5	Project work (Six Months)
5.6	Clinical Research
YEAR VI
6.1	Internship or residency training includes postings in specialty units. Student should independently provide the clinical pharmacy services to the allotted wards. (i) 6 months in General Medicine department. (ii) 2 months each in three other specialty departments.

Examination:

(1) Every year there shall be an examination to examine the students.

(2) Each examination may be held twice every year. The first examination in a year shall be the annual examination and the second examination shall be supplementary examination.

(3) The examinations shall be of written and practical (including oral nature) carrying maximum marks for each part of a subject as indicated in Tables above:

Eligibility for appearing Examination:

Only such students who produce certificate from the Head of the Institution in which he or she has undergone the Pharm.D. or as the case may be, the Pharm.D. (Post Baccalaureate) course, in proof of his or her having regularly and satisfactorily undergone the course of study by attending not less than 80% of the classes held both in theory and in practical separately in each subject shall be eligible for appearing at examination.

Mode of Examinations:

• Theory examination shall be of 3 Hours and Practical Examination shall be of 4 Hours duration.

• A Student who fails in theory or practical examination of a subject shall re-appear both in theory and practical of the same subject.

• Practical examination shall also consist of a viva –voce (Oral) examination.

• Clerkship examination – Oral examination shall be conducted after the completion of clerkship of students. An external and an internal examiner will evaluate the student. Students may be asked to present the allotted medical cases followed by discussion.

• Students’ capabilities in delivering clinical pharmacy services, pharmaceutical care planning and knowledge of therapeutics shall be assessed.

• A regular record of both theory and practical class work and examinations conducted in an institution imparting training for Pharm.D. or as the case may be, Pharm.D. (Post Baccalaureate) course, shall be maintained for each student in the institution and 30 marks for each theory and 30 marks for each practical subject shall be allotted as sessional.

• There shall be at least two periodic sessional examinations during each academic year and the highest aggregate of any two performances shall form the basis of calculating sessional marks.

• A student shall not be declared to have passed examination unless he or she secures at least 50% marks in each of the subjects separately in the theory examinations, including sessional marks and at least 50% marks in each of the practical examinations including sessional marks.

• The students securing 60% marks or above in aggregate in all subjects in a single attempt at the Pharm.D. or as the case may be, Pharm. D. (Post Baccalaureate) course examination shall be declared to have passed in first class.

• Students securing 75% marks or above in any subject or subjects shall be declared to have passed with distinction in the subject or those subjects provided he or she passes in all the subjects in a single attempt.

Eligibility for Promotion to Next Year:

• All students who have appeared for all the subjects and passed the first year annual examination are eligible for promotion to the second year and, so on.

• However, failure in more than two subjects shall debar him or her from promotion to the next year classes.

Internship:

• Internship is a phase of training wherein a student is expected to conduct actual practice of pharmacy and health care and acquires skills under the supervision so that he or she may become capable of functioning independently.

• Every student has to undergo one year internship.

Certificate of Passing Examination:

Every student who has passed the examinations for the Pharm.D. (Doctor of Pharmacy) or Pharm.D. (Post Baccalaureate) (Doctor of Pharmacy) as the case may be, shall be granted a certificate by the examining authority.

Practical Training:

Hospital Posting:

• Every student shall be posted in constituent hospital for a period of not less than fifty hours to be covered in not less than 200 working days in each of second, third & fourth year course.

• Each student shall submit report duly certified by the preceptor and duly attested by the Head of the Department or Institution as prescribed. In the fifth year, every student shall spend half a day in the morning hours attending ward rounds on daily basis as a part of clerkship. Theory teaching may be scheduled in the afternoon.

Project Work:

• To allow the student to develop data collection and reporting skills in the area of community, hospital and clinical pharmacy, a project work shall be carried out under the supervision of a teacher.

• The project topic must be approved by the Head of the Department or Head of the Institution. The same shall be announced to students within one month of commencement of the fifth year classes.

• Project work shall be presented in a written report and as a seminar at the end of the year. External and the internal examiners shall do the assessment of the project work.

• Project work shall comprise of objectives of the work, methodology, results, discussions and conclusions.

Objectives of project work:

The main objectives of the project work is to-

(i) show the evidence of having made accurate description of published work of others and of having recorded the findings in an impartial manner.
(ii) Develop the students in data collection, analysis and reporting and interpretation skills.

Methodology:

To complete the project work following methodology shall be adopted, namely:

• Students shall work in groups of not less than two and not more than four under an authorised teacher.

• Project topic shall be approved by the Head of the Department or Head of the Institution.

• Project work chosen shall be related to the pharmacy practice in community, hospital and clinical setup. It shall be patient and treatment (Medicine) oriented, like drug utilisation reviews, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacovigilance or pharmacoeconomics.

• Project work shall be approved by the institutional ethics committee.

• Student shall present at least three seminars, one in the beginning, one at middle and one at the end of the project work.

• Two-page write-up of the project indicating title, objectives, methodology anticipated benefits and references shall be submitted to the Head of the Department or Head of the Institution.

Reporting:

• Student working on the project shall submit jointly to the Head of the Department or Head of the Institution a project report of about 40-50 pages. Project report should include a certificate issued by the authorised teacher, Head of the Department as well as by the Head of the Institution.

• Project report shall be computer typed in double space using Times Roman font on A4 paper. The title shall be in bold with font size 18, sub-tiles in bold with font size 14 and the text with font size 12. The cover page of the project report shall contain details about the name of the student and the name of the authorised teacher with font size 14.

• Submission of the project report shall be done at least one month prior to the commencement of annual or supplementary examination.

Evaluation:

The following methodology shall be adopted for evaluating the project work...

(i) Project work shall be evaluated by internal and external examiners.

(ii) Students shall be evaluated in groups for four hours (i.e., about half an hour for a group of four students).

(iii) Three seminars presented by students shall be evaluated for twenty marks each and the average of best two shall be forwarded to the university with marks of other subjects.

Award of Sessional Marks and Maintenance of Records:

The sessional marks in practicals shall be allotted on the following basis:-

          (i) Actual performance in the sessional examination (20 marks);

      (ii) Day to day assessment in the practical class work, promptness, viva-voce record maintenance, etc. (10 marks).

Minimum Marks for Passing Examination:

Doctor of Pharmacy Course Suitability:

Doctor of Pharmacy Degree is meant for those who want to understand the concepts of clinical research and acquire an in-depth understanding of Pharmacy Practice concepts.

Doctor of Pharmacy Employment Areas

• Health Centres
• Academic
• Drug Control Administration
• Food and Drug Administration
• University
• Foundation/Trust
• Franchise
• Hospitals
• Non-Profit Organization
• Pharmaceutical Firms
• Medical Dispensing Store
• Research Agencies

Doctor of Pharmacy Jobs:

Pharmacy has become an independent branch of science dealing with all aspects of drugs and pharmaceuticals therefore its importance is significant. A Doctor of Pharmacy degree provides enormous national and international career and employment opportunities in areas such as: Academics - Teaching, Research and Development, Administration, Management, etc. and Regulatory Affairs - In Government and Statutory bodies in drug / manufacturing regulation/implementation/Quality Control, etc.

Job Types:

• Clinical Pharmacist
• Researcher
• Drug Inspector
• Analytical Chemist
• Retail Pharmacist
• Dru